What is Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that occurs due to the gradual loss of brain cells that produce dopamine. This disease causes disruptions in movement control, leading to symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, slow movement, and balance problems.

What Are the Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

The most prominent motor features of Parkinson's disease:

• Tremor: 
  Tremors, often occurring at rest, are frequently the initial symptom. While most commonly seen in the hands, tremors can also occur in the arms, legs, or jaw.
• Bradykinesia: 
  Slowed movement, stiffness, or rigidity of movements. This can make simple daily activities such as walking, talking, or performing tasks more difficult.
• Rigidity: 
  Stiffness and tightness in muscles, restricted joint movements.
• Postural instability: 
  Instability in posture, increased risk of falling, and walking difficulties.

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease that may manifest independently of motor symptoms (non-motor):

• Depression and anxiety: 
  Mood changes, restlessness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.
• Sleep disturbances: 
  Changes in sleep patterns, insomnia, REM sleep behavior disorder.
• Speech and swallowing problems: 
  Decreased speech rate, speech difficulties, swallowing difficulties.
• Olfactory disturbances: 
  Decreased or loss of sense of smell.
• Constipation and bladder issues: 
  Constipation, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination.
  
  

How Is Parkinson's Disease Diagnosed?

The diagnostic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is typically made through evaluation of the patient's symptoms, medical history, and neurological examination findings. There is no laboratory test or imaging method for the definitive diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

Is Parkinson's Disease Progressive?

Parkinson's disease is a progressive condition. The disease can progress over time, and symptoms may worsen. Starting with mild symptoms such as slight tremors or slow movement, the disease can become more pronounced and widespread over time. Treatment aims to control symptoms and slow the progression of the disease, but the rate of progression can vary from person to person.

Who Is More Likely to Get Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson's disease is generally more common in older age groups. It typically occurs in individuals aged 60 and above, but it can sometimes manifest at younger ages. The disease is slightly more prevalent in men than in women. Additionally, individuals with a family history of Parkinson's disease have a slightly higher risk of developing the condition.

How Is Parkinson's Disease Treated?

Treatment for Parkinson's disease focuses on relieving symptoms, improving quality of life, and slowing disease progression.

• Medication: 
  Dopamine agonists, levodopa, and other antiparkinsonian medications are used to manage symptoms of Parkinson's disease and improve motor control. Medication therapy is crucial for slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.
• Physical Therapy: 
  Physical therapy helps improve the mobility, balance, and coordination of Parkinson's patients. Exercise programs can increase muscle strength and reduce movement disorders. Additionally, physical therapy provides support in posture correction and walking training.
• Speech and Swallowing Therapy: 
  Parkinson's patients may experience speech and swallowing difficulties. Speech therapy is used to improve speech abilities and clarity, while swallowing therapy aims to improve eating and drinking functions.
• Nutrition: 
  A healthy and balanced diet is crucial for Parkinson's disease. Paying attention to the intake of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and B vitamins can support brain health. For digestive issues, fiber-rich foods, adequate fluid intake, and a regular eating schedule are recommended. Ayrıca, opting for anti-inflammatory foods can strengthen the immune system.
• Stress Management: 
  Stress can trigger or worsen symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Practicing stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, and massage can promote relaxation and calmness.
• Sleep Pattern: 
  Maintaining a good sleep pattern can increase energy levels and improve the quality of life for Parkinson's patients. Paying attention to sleep hygiene, creating a relaxing sleep environment, and keeping a regular sleep schedule are important.
• Psychosocial Support: 
  Parkinson's disease can have psychological and emotional effects on patients and their families. Psychosocial support provides counseling, support groups, and psychological therapy to assist during this challenging period.
• Surgical Intervention:
  In advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, surgical methods such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be applied. DBS can alleviate symptoms by sending electrical signals to areas of the brain involved in movement control.
  
  

For more information about Parkinson's disease or to discuss treatment options, you can contact Dr. Tuğba Korkmaz.