What is Dementia?

Dementia, medically known as senility, is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of brain functions. It typically manifests with symptoms such as memory loss, cognitive impairment, language and communication problems, personality changes, and difficulty performing daily life activities. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, but it is not the sole cause. Other neurological diseases include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, often associated with cerebral infarction.

What Are the Symptoms of Dementia?

Dementia symptoms can vary from person to person and depending on the type of dementia. However, they generally include:

• Memory Loss:
  Difficulty remembering new information, repetitive questioning.
• Cognitive Impairment:
  Decline in thinking, decision-making, problem-solving abilities, difficulty focusing, and attention problems.
• Language and Communication Problems:
  Difficulty finding words, understanding sentences, and speech disorders.
• Personality and Behavioral Changes:
  Irritability, agitation, depression, anxiety, social withdrawal.
• Difficulty in Daily Life Activities:
  Difficulty in performing daily activities such as cleaning, dressing, and eating.
  
  

What Are the Causes of Dementia?

Dementia can have various causes. The most common cause is Alzheimer's disease. Other causes include vascular diseases (stroke or small vessel disease), Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and some metabolic disorders. Additionally, side effects of certain medications or brain trauma can also cause dementia.

How Is Dementia Diagnosed?

The evaluation and diagnosis of dementia are crucial with the assessment of Dr. Tuğba Korkmaz. The diagnostic process involves evaluating symptoms and the patient's medical history. During a physical examination, cognitive and neurological tests may be conducted. Additionally, brain imaging techniques (MRI or CT scans) and blood tests may be used. Lumbar puncture (cerebrospinal fluid analysis) or genetic tests may also be performed to determine the underlying cause of dementia.

How Is Dementia Treated?

Treatment of dementia involves addressing the underlying cause of dementia and managing symptoms. In progressive dementia types like Alzheimer's disease, treatment typically focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life. Medications may be used to manage cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Additionally, cognitive rehabilitation therapies, supportive care, and lifestyle changes may be part of the treatment plan. The treatment plan is individualized for each patient.