What Are Movement Disorders?

The term movement disorders refers to neurological disorders stemming from issues related to the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system. In these disorders, there is a decrease or increase in voluntary and automatic movements without loss of strength or spasticity (muscle stiffness). In other words, the individual experiences deficiency or excess in movements that they would normally perform.

This decrease or increase in movement can occur in voluntary movements (e.g., walking, arm and leg movements) or automatic movements (e.g., respiration, digestion). Decreased movement is termed hypokinesia, while increased movement is termed hyperkinesia.

What Factors Can Cause Movement Disorders?

There are many factors that can cause movement disorders.

• Genetic factors
• Brain or nervous system diseases
• Traumas
• Infections
• Drug side effects
• Some metabolic disorders, etc.
• Parkinson's disease, tremors, dystonia, restless legs syndrome are examples of commonly seen movement disorders.
  
  

What Are the Symptoms of Movement Disorders?

The symptoms of movement disorders can vary depending on the type and severity of the disorder. Some common symptoms include difficulty in voluntary movements, tremor or shaking, muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control, walking or balance problems, and involuntary or repetitive movements.

How Are Movement Disorders Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of movement disorders is typically done by a neurology specialist. The diagnostic process involves steps such as taking a detailed medical history, physical examination, neurological examination, and imaging techniques.

How Are Movement Disorders Treated?

The treatment of movement disorders can vary depending on the underlying causes, symptoms, and the patient's condition. The treatment plan typically involves a multidisciplinary approach and may require collaboration among neurology specialists, physiotherapists, rehabilitation specialists, psychiatrists, or other experts. Treatment options may include medications, physical therapy, surgical interventions, botulinum toxin injections, deep brain stimulation (DBS), and other methods. The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms, ensure movement control, and enhance quality of life.

There Are Some General Preventive Measures to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Movement Disorders:

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle:
  Having a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help maintain your overall health and support your body's functions.
• Managing stress:
  Stress can have negative effects on the nervous system and may contribute to the onset of some movement disorders. Trying relaxation techniques (such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga) and engaging in stress-reducing activities (hobbies, social activities) can help manage stress.
• Providing a safe environment:
  Falls are a significant risk factor for brain injuries and movement disorders. You can reduce the risk of falls by taking safety measures at home and in the workplace. For example, using non-slip surfaces, handrails, and adjusting lighting can be beneficial.
• Using medications correctly:
  Some medication side effects can lead to movement disorders. If you are taking medication regularly, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and prescribed doses.
• Regular health check-ups:
  Regular health check-ups are important for early diagnosis and treatment. Especially if there is a family history of movement disorders or symptoms are noticed, it is important to regularly visit a neurology specialist. The specialist can help identify disease symptoms early and take appropriate measures.
• Avoiding harmful habits:
  Alcohol, smoking, and drug abuse can have negative effects on the nervous system. By avoiding such habits, you can reduce the risk of movement disorders.
• Avoiding dangerous activities:
  Risky sports or activities can lead to brain and nervous system injuries. It is important to use appropriate protective equipment and adhere to safety rules when engaging in such activities.
• Evaluating genetic risks:
  Some movement disorders may occur due to genetic factors. If there is a family history of movement disorders, you can assess the risks by using genetic counseling services.
  
  

Remember, while these preventive measures may not entirely prevent movement disorders, they can help reduce the risk.