What is Brain Pacemaker (Deep Brain Stimulation)?

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), commonly known as brain pacemaker, is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of neurological disorders, particularly movement disorders. DBS aims to regulate neural activity by delivering regular electrical stimulations through electrodes implanted into the brain.

For Which Diseases is Brain Pacemaker Surgery (Deep Brain Stimulation) Used?

Areas where brain pacemaker is used today include:

• It is used to control motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, movement disorders) in Parkinson's disease.
• It may help reduce tremors in hands, arms, or legs.
• It can be effective in reducing muscle spasms and involuntary muscle movements in dystonia.
• Epilepsy (Seizure) Disease.
• In psychiatric disorders (such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder).
  
  

How is Brain Pacemaker Surgery (Deep Brain Stimulation) Performed?

DBS treatment consists of several stages. In the first stage, the patient is evaluated, and it is determined whether they meet the appropriate candidacy criteria. Then, detailed brain MRI is performed, and planning is done regarding brain areas. A frame or stereotactic device is used to accurately place the electrodes into the brain for proper placement. In the second stage, electrodes are surgically implanted into the brain. This operation is usually performed under local anesthesia. Tests are conducted to confirm that the electrodes are correctly placed and target the correct brain areas. These tests demonstrate that the electrodes are placed in the correct position and suitable adjustments can be made to achieve the desired effect.

Once the electrodes are correctly placed, the control unit (stimulator) of the device is usually placed under the patient's skin, typically in the chest area. This stimulator is connected to the electrodes to transmit electrical signals to the brain. The settings of the stimulator are determined based on the patient's symptoms and needs and are regularly monitored by the doctor.

The DBS procedure typically takes several hours, and the patient's recovery process is monitored, followed by the programming stage a few weeks later. Programming is a process where the parameters of the electrodes' operation are adjusted to ensure the best response to the patient's symptoms. Subsequent stages involve regular monitoring of the patient, optimization of programming settings, and management of side effects.

How is Brain Pacemaker Programmed?

Brain Pacemaker programming is usually performed by neurologists or neurosurgeons. This programming process requires a personalized approach based on the patient's symptoms and needs. The doctor adjusts the brain areas where the electrodes are placed and the parameters of the applied electrical current. During programming, the doctor adjusts these parameters to best control the symptoms and minimize side effects. Programming can be continuously optimized and adjusted based on the patient's response and symptoms, aiming to control the symptoms at the most appropriate level while minimizing side effects.