What is Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by damage and death of nerve cells over time. This disease leads to symptoms such as memory loss, decline in cognitive functions, and behavioral changes. Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia. Abnormal protein accumulations in the brain, known as neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, are the characteristic features of this disease.

What Are the Causes of Alzheimer's Disease?

The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is not yet fully understood. However, the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors may play a role in the onset of the disease. Genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease have been identified in some families. Additionally, factors such as aging, brain trauma, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes are thought to increase the risk of Alzheimer's.

What Are the Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease?

• Memory Loss:
  Initial symptoms often begin with difficulty in remembering new information. Particularly, difficulty in recalling recent events is observed.
• Decline in Cognitive Abilities:
  Decrease in thinking, problem-solving, logical reasoning, and decision-making skills. Over time, cognitive abilities such as abstract thinking and planning may also be affected.
• Language and Communication Problems:
  Difficulty in speech, finding words, constructing sentences, or understanding can occur. A decrease in communication skills may be observed.
• Disturbances in Place and Time Perception:
  Difficulty in recognizing places or time. The person may experience getting lost or a sense of disorientation, even in familiar surroundings.
• Difficulty in Daily Activities:
  Difficulty in performing simple daily activities. For example, dressing, eating, or meeting toileting needs may require assistance.
• Personality and Behavioral Changes:
  As Alzheimer's disease progresses, changes in personality and behaviors may be observed. Symptoms such as restlessness, irritability, depression, or anxiety may emerge.
• Tendency to Wander:
  Over time, Alzheimer's patients may tend to wander or get lost. They may have difficulty returning home even in familiar places.
• Loss of Function:
  As Alzheimer's disease progresses, independence and functionality may be lost. The person may increasingly require assistance in performing daily life activities.
  
  

How Is Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is based on careful evaluation of symptoms and history. Neurological examination and cognitive tests help assess memory, thought processes, and other cognitive functions. Brain imaging techniques, such as EEG, are generally used to rule out other causes and diagnose Alzheimer's disease.

Is There a Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease?

There is no definitive treatment for Alzheimer's disease. However, some medications may help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These medications work by regulating the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. Additionally, supportive treatments such as cognitive rehabilitation, physical activity, a healthy lifestyle, and social interaction may be recommended. Care for individuals with Alzheimer's disease requires support and understanding.

How Does Alzheimer's Disease Progress?

Alzheimer's disease is generally a slowly progressing condition. Symptoms typically start mildly and worsen over time. As the disease progresses, more severe cognitive impairments may occur.

What Are Preventive Measures for Alzheimer's Disease?

While there is no definite prevention method for Alzheimer's disease, some lifestyle factors may help reduce the risk of the disease and preserve cognitive health.

• Maintaining an Active Lifestyle:
  Regular exercise and engaging in mental and physical activities.
• Healthy Eating:
  Following a low-fat, low-salt, and balanced diet, consuming foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.
• Engaging in Social Interaction:
  Participating in social activities, spending time with friends and family.
• Maintaining a Sleep Schedule:
  Getting adequate and quality sleep to support brain health.
• Stress Management:
  Managing stress through relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, etc.
• Avoiding Head Injuries:
  Taking safety precautions, using protective equipment during sports, and reducing the risk of falls.
• Managing Chronic Diseases:
  Effective management of chronic health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.
• Engaging in Mental Activities:
  Keeping the brain active through mental activities such as learning, puzzle-solving, listening to music, etc.
  
  

If you are experiencing symptoms of Alzheimer's, you can contact Dr. Tuğba Korkmaz in Izmir.